Research
to turn
evidence into action
Explore reports, technical documents and publications that aim to strengthen climate policies at the subnational, national and international levels, promoting the development of the most vulnerable communities.
Analysis of the importance of climate transparency and the transition between reporting systems: from the Biennial Update Report to the Biennial Transparency Report
Under the Convention and the Paris Agreement, countries report information on their climate efforts following the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities. Under the Convention, developed countries (Annex I) submit more frequent and detailed reports than developing countries (non-Annex I). The Paris Agreement introduces the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), which unifies criteria with the Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), although with flexibilities for developing countries. This represents a shift from a bifurcated system to a single one that considers different national capacities. The first BTR was due in December 2024, but only 43% of countries complied, highlighting the challenges of the transition. Transparency is key to assessing progress and adjusting climate strategies at the national and global levels, strengthening international legitimacy, and facilitating access to financing and cooperation. Accountability through these reports is essential for the success of the multilateral process in the fight against climate change.
Analysis of the importance of climate transparency and the transition between reporting systems: from the Biennial Update Report to the Biennial Transparency Report
Under the Convention and the Paris Agreement, countries report information on their climate efforts following the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities. Under the Convention, developed countries (Annex I) submit more frequent and detailed reports than developing countries (non-Annex I). The Paris Agreement introduces the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF), which unifies criteria with the Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), although with flexibilities for developing countries. This represents a shift from a bifurcated system to a single one that considers different national capacities. The first BTR was due in December 2024, but only 43% of countries complied, highlighting the challenges of the transition. Transparency is key to assessing progress and adjusting climate strategies at the national and global levels, strengthening international legitimacy, and facilitating access to financing and cooperation. Accountability through these reports is essential for the success of the multilateral process in the fight against climate change.
Methodological guide for testing the Belém Adaptation Indicators of the Global Goal on Adaptation
This guide was developed by Fundación Argentina 1.5 and Fundación Gran Chaco, with the support of Fundación Avina, combining the organizations' experiences with multi-level adaptation actions and drawing upon a pilot exercise conducted in the province of Chaco, Argentina. The guide aims to contribute to the global effort to pilot the Belém Adaptation Indicators by offering a practical perspective based on 11 interviews with representatives from countries, country groups, and organizations that generously shared their processes, challenges, and expectations.
Methodological guide for testing the Belém Adaptation Indicators of the Global Goal on Adaptation
This guide was developed by Fundación Argentina 1.5 and Fundación Gran Chaco, with the support of Fundación Avina, combining the organizations' experiences with multi-level adaptation actions and drawing upon a pilot exercise conducted in the province of Chaco, Argentina. The guide aims to contribute to the global effort to pilot the Belém Adaptation Indicators by offering a practical perspective based on 11 interviews with representatives from countries, country groups, and organizations that generously shared their processes, challenges, and expectations.
Deforestation Roadmap: discussions and structuring elements on the road to COP31 in Antalya
Forests provide essential ecosystem services for addressing the global environmental and climate crisis. Their capacity to store carbon, regulate hydrological cycles, stabilize regional temperatures, conserve biodiversity, and sustain the livelihoods of millions of people makes them a central component of international mitigation and adaptation strategies. Given their importance, forest management has gained increasing prominence on the international agenda. The most recent effort to revitalize this agenda is the Roadmap to Halt and Reverse Deforestation and Forest Degradation by 2030, launched by the COP30 Presidency in response to paragraphs 33 and 34 of the first Global Stocktake. This Policy Brief aims to briefly reconstruct the evolution of the forest agenda within the UNFCCC; examine the key features of the initiative; and highlight the main elements that emerged from the submissions and discussions held by the Parties. Finally, it is proposed to identify a series of barriers and recommendations associated with them, aimed at strengthening the Leaflet process on the way to the Conference of the Parties (COP31) of the UNFCCC that will take place in Antalya.
Deforestation Roadmap: discussions and structuring elements on the road to COP31 in Antalya
Forests provide essential ecosystem services for addressing the global environmental and climate crisis. Their capacity to store carbon, regulate hydrological cycles, stabilize regional temperatures, conserve biodiversity, and sustain the livelihoods of millions of people makes them a central component of international mitigation and adaptation strategies. Given their importance, forest management has gained increasing prominence on the international agenda. The most recent effort to revitalize this agenda is the Roadmap to Halt and Reverse Deforestation and Forest Degradation by 2030, launched by the COP30 Presidency in response to paragraphs 33 and 34 of the first Global Stocktake. This Policy Brief aims to briefly reconstruct the evolution of the forest agenda within the UNFCCC; examine the key features of the initiative; and highlight the main elements that emerged from the submissions and discussions held by the Parties. Finally, it is proposed to identify a series of barriers and recommendations associated with them, aimed at strengthening the Leaflet process on the way to the Conference of the Parties (COP31) of the UNFCCC that will take place in Antalya.
Towards an equitable Global Stocktake: recommendations from Latin America and the Caribbean for the adaptation agenda in the second Global Stocktake
The project "Strengthening the Perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Assessment of Progress on Adaptation in the Second Global Stocktake", promoted by Argentina 1.5 and the Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA), aimed to deepen the analysis of the gaps identified in the first Global Stocktake, with special attention to the adaptation mandates of Article 7.14 of the Paris Agreement. Based on this analysis, the project sought to generate concrete regional inputs, supported by empirical evidence, to contribute to the second Global Stocktake process. Within this framework, the proposal created spaces for exchange and the substantive participation of key organizations and actors from Latin America and the Caribbean through three virtual workshops, a webinar, and a meeting with negotiators and representatives of civil society organizations during the 64th meeting of the UNFCCC subsidiary bodies. These spaces allowed for an analysis of the evolution of adaptation mandates within the Global Stocktake framework and the identification of critical gaps. This document synthesizes the evidence obtained throughout the various stages of the project, which has been used to develop recommendations and policy messages that contribute to the global process under the UNFCCC.
Towards an equitable Global Stocktake: recommendations from Latin America and the Caribbean for the adaptation agenda in the second Global Stocktake
The project "Strengthening the Perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Assessment of Progress on Adaptation in the Second Global Stocktake", promoted by Argentina 1.5 and the Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA), aimed to deepen the analysis of the gaps identified in the first Global Stocktake, with special attention to the adaptation mandates of Article 7.14 of the Paris Agreement. Based on this analysis, the project sought to generate concrete regional inputs, supported by empirical evidence, to contribute to the second Global Stocktake process. Within this framework, the proposal created spaces for exchange and the substantive participation of key organizations and actors from Latin America and the Caribbean through three virtual workshops, a webinar, and a meeting with negotiators and representatives of civil society organizations during the 64th meeting of the UNFCCC subsidiary bodies. These spaces allowed for an analysis of the evolution of adaptation mandates within the Global Stocktake framework and the identification of critical gaps. This document synthesizes the evidence obtained throughout the various stages of the project, which has been used to develop recommendations and policy messages that contribute to the global process under the UNFCCC.
Regulatory and institutional regressions in environmental and climate governance in Argentina
Since December 2023, Argentina has been undergoing a period of debate and transformation in its environmental and climate policy, characterized by institutional reforms and a weakening of protection standards, which puts it at odds with the principle of non-regression. Among the main changes are the reduction of the institutional scope of the national environmental and climate sector, budget cuts, proposals to relax regulations related to the management and exploitation of natural resources and extractive activities, and changes to the system of minimum environmental standards. One of the most relevant debates is the reform of legislation protecting glaciers and the periglacial environment, which has been heavily criticized for the substantial modifications it introduces, primarily the restriction of protected areas and the transfer of regulatory powers to the provinces, with direct impacts on national climate policy. The tensions arising from deregulation processes, increasing demands for environmental protection, and the need to uphold international commitments made in the face of the climate crisis highlight the need to strengthen institutional capacities, guarantee minimum environmental protection standards, and consolidate effective governance mechanisms.
Regulatory and institutional regressions in environmental and climate governance in Argentina
Since December 2023, Argentina has been undergoing a period of debate and transformation in its environmental and climate policy, characterized by institutional reforms and a weakening of protection standards, which puts it at odds with the principle of non-regression. Among the main changes are the reduction of the institutional scope of the national environmental and climate sector, budget cuts, proposals to relax regulations related to the management and exploitation of natural resources and extractive activities, and changes to the system of minimum environmental standards. One of the most relevant debates is the reform of legislation protecting glaciers and the periglacial environment, which has been heavily criticized for the substantial modifications it introduces, primarily the restriction of protected areas and the transfer of regulatory powers to the provinces, with direct impacts on national climate policy. The tensions arising from deregulation processes, increasing demands for environmental protection, and the need to uphold international commitments made in the face of the climate crisis highlight the need to strengthen institutional capacities, guarantee minimum environmental protection standards, and consolidate effective governance mechanisms.
Navigating the just energy transition in Latin America Towards GST2: a stakeholder and policy analysis of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.
This technical report was prepared as part of the project entitled: Latin America facing GST2: strengthening its role in the transition away from fossil fuels, executed by the energy division of Argentina 1.5. The project is based on the certainty of the region’s potential for a just energy transition and calls for cooperation among countries and multiple actors to mobilize domestic and international political positions toward paths consistent with the Paris Agreement. To do this, it relies on four regional cases: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. The report involves document review and data collection of official policy documents at the national level, such as national plans, strategies, as well as international documents, National Determined Contributions (NDC), Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), statements and submissions elaborated by negotiating groups of LAC at the UNFCCC: AILAC and grupo SUR. Also includes a mapping exercise of key stakeholders related but not limited to the energy sector, national energy authorities, UNFCCC negotiators, and NGOs, among others was also conducted.
Navigating the just energy transition in Latin America Towards GST2: a stakeholder and policy analysis of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.
This technical report was prepared as part of the project entitled: Latin America facing GST2: strengthening its role in the transition away from fossil fuels, executed by the energy division of Argentina 1.5. The project is based on the certainty of the region’s potential for a just energy transition and calls for cooperation among countries and multiple actors to mobilize domestic and international political positions toward paths consistent with the Paris Agreement. To do this, it relies on four regional cases: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. The report involves document review and data collection of official policy documents at the national level, such as national plans, strategies, as well as international documents, National Determined Contributions (NDC), Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), statements and submissions elaborated by negotiating groups of LAC at the UNFCCC: AILAC and grupo SUR. Also includes a mapping exercise of key stakeholders related but not limited to the energy sector, national energy authorities, UNFCCC negotiators, and NGOs, among others was also conducted.