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Explore reports, technical documents and publications that aim to strengthen climate policies at the subnational, national and international levels, promoting the development of the most vulnerable communities.
Deforestation Roadmap: discussions and structuring elements on the road to COP31 in Antalya
Forests provide essential ecosystem services for addressing the global environmental and climate crisis. Their capacity to store carbon, regulate hydrological cycles, stabilize regional temperatures, conserve biodiversity, and sustain the livelihoods of millions of people makes them a central component of international mitigation and adaptation strategies. Given their importance, forest management has gained increasing prominence on the international agenda. The most recent effort to revitalize this agenda is the Roadmap to Halt and Reverse Deforestation and Forest Degradation by 2030, launched by the COP30 Presidency in response to paragraphs 33 and 34 of the first Global Stocktake. This Policy Brief aims to briefly reconstruct the evolution of the forest agenda within the UNFCCC; examine the key features of the initiative; and highlight the main elements that emerged from the submissions and discussions held by the Parties. Finally, it is proposed to identify a series of barriers and recommendations associated with them, aimed at strengthening the Leaflet process on the way to the Conference of the Parties (COP31) of the UNFCCC that will take place in Antalya.
Deforestation Roadmap: discussions and structuring elements on the road to COP31 in Antalya
Forests provide essential ecosystem services for addressing the global environmental and climate crisis. Their capacity to store carbon, regulate hydrological cycles, stabilize regional temperatures, conserve biodiversity, and sustain the livelihoods of millions of people makes them a central component of international mitigation and adaptation strategies. Given their importance, forest management has gained increasing prominence on the international agenda. The most recent effort to revitalize this agenda is the Roadmap to Halt and Reverse Deforestation and Forest Degradation by 2030, launched by the COP30 Presidency in response to paragraphs 33 and 34 of the first Global Stocktake. This Policy Brief aims to briefly reconstruct the evolution of the forest agenda within the UNFCCC; examine the key features of the initiative; and highlight the main elements that emerged from the submissions and discussions held by the Parties. Finally, it is proposed to identify a series of barriers and recommendations associated with them, aimed at strengthening the Leaflet process on the way to the Conference of the Parties (COP31) of the UNFCCC that will take place in Antalya.
Towards an equitable Global Stocktake: recommendations from Latin America and the Caribbean for the adaptation agenda in the second Global Stocktake
The project "Strengthening the Perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Assessment of Progress on Adaptation in the Second Global Stocktake", promoted by Argentina 1.5 and the Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA), aimed to deepen the analysis of the gaps identified in the first Global Stocktake, with special attention to the adaptation mandates of Article 7.14 of the Paris Agreement. Based on this analysis, the project sought to generate concrete regional inputs, supported by empirical evidence, to contribute to the second Global Stocktake process. Within this framework, the proposal created spaces for exchange and the substantive participation of key organizations and actors from Latin America and the Caribbean through three virtual workshops, a webinar, and a meeting with negotiators and representatives of civil society organizations during the 64th meeting of the UNFCCC subsidiary bodies. These spaces allowed for an analysis of the evolution of adaptation mandates within the Global Stocktake framework and the identification of critical gaps. This document synthesizes the evidence obtained throughout the various stages of the project, which has been used to develop recommendations and policy messages that contribute to the global process under the UNFCCC.
Towards an equitable Global Stocktake: recommendations from Latin America and the Caribbean for the adaptation agenda in the second Global Stocktake
The project "Strengthening the Perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Assessment of Progress on Adaptation in the Second Global Stocktake", promoted by Argentina 1.5 and the Adaptation Research Alliance (ARA), aimed to deepen the analysis of the gaps identified in the first Global Stocktake, with special attention to the adaptation mandates of Article 7.14 of the Paris Agreement. Based on this analysis, the project sought to generate concrete regional inputs, supported by empirical evidence, to contribute to the second Global Stocktake process. Within this framework, the proposal created spaces for exchange and the substantive participation of key organizations and actors from Latin America and the Caribbean through three virtual workshops, a webinar, and a meeting with negotiators and representatives of civil society organizations during the 64th meeting of the UNFCCC subsidiary bodies. These spaces allowed for an analysis of the evolution of adaptation mandates within the Global Stocktake framework and the identification of critical gaps. This document synthesizes the evidence obtained throughout the various stages of the project, which has been used to develop recommendations and policy messages that contribute to the global process under the UNFCCC.
Regulatory and institutional regressions in environmental and climate governance in Argentina
Since December 2023, Argentina has been undergoing a period of debate and transformation in its environmental and climate policy, characterized by institutional reforms and a weakening of protection standards, which puts it at odds with the principle of non-regression. Among the main changes are the reduction of the institutional scope of the national environmental and climate sector, budget cuts, proposals to relax regulations related to the management and exploitation of natural resources and extractive activities, and changes to the system of minimum environmental standards. One of the most relevant debates is the reform of legislation protecting glaciers and the periglacial environment, which has been heavily criticized for the substantial modifications it introduces, primarily the restriction of protected areas and the transfer of regulatory powers to the provinces, with direct impacts on national climate policy. The tensions arising from deregulation processes, increasing demands for environmental protection, and the need to uphold international commitments made in the face of the climate crisis highlight the need to strengthen institutional capacities, guarantee minimum environmental protection standards, and consolidate effective governance mechanisms.
Regulatory and institutional regressions in environmental and climate governance in Argentina
Since December 2023, Argentina has been undergoing a period of debate and transformation in its environmental and climate policy, characterized by institutional reforms and a weakening of protection standards, which puts it at odds with the principle of non-regression. Among the main changes are the reduction of the institutional scope of the national environmental and climate sector, budget cuts, proposals to relax regulations related to the management and exploitation of natural resources and extractive activities, and changes to the system of minimum environmental standards. One of the most relevant debates is the reform of legislation protecting glaciers and the periglacial environment, which has been heavily criticized for the substantial modifications it introduces, primarily the restriction of protected areas and the transfer of regulatory powers to the provinces, with direct impacts on national climate policy. The tensions arising from deregulation processes, increasing demands for environmental protection, and the need to uphold international commitments made in the face of the climate crisis highlight the need to strengthen institutional capacities, guarantee minimum environmental protection standards, and consolidate effective governance mechanisms.
Links between climate transparency and a just energy transition
Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, multiple climate policy planning and reporting instruments exist through which countries communicate their commitments and progress, including Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), among others. Among these instruments, BTRs play a central role in reporting progress on NDC implementation, including information on mitigation and adaptation measures, as well as financial, technological, and capacity-building support, and in contributing to the Global Stocktake process, which assesses collective progress toward the Paris Agreement goals. In this context, BTRs offer a key opportunity for countries to report on their Just Energy Transition (JET) pathways and their environmental, economic, and social dimensions. However, many countries face difficulties in meeting reporting requirements. These limitations are related to gaps in national information systems, insufficient technical capacities, and barriers to accessing climate finance. This policy brief analyzes how BTRs can serve as a vehicle for countries to report progress on their TEJs, identifies the main challenges countries—particularly developing countries—face in doing so, and examines the progress made at COP30 in Belém to strengthen reporting capacities.
Links between climate transparency and a just energy transition
Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, multiple climate policy planning and reporting instruments exist through which countries communicate their commitments and progress, including Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs), National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), among others. Among these instruments, BTRs play a central role in reporting progress on NDC implementation, including information on mitigation and adaptation measures, as well as financial, technological, and capacity-building support, and in contributing to the Global Stocktake process, which assesses collective progress toward the Paris Agreement goals. In this context, BTRs offer a key opportunity for countries to report on their Just Energy Transition (JET) pathways and their environmental, economic, and social dimensions. However, many countries face difficulties in meeting reporting requirements. These limitations are related to gaps in national information systems, insufficient technical capacities, and barriers to accessing climate finance. This policy brief analyzes how BTRs can serve as a vehicle for countries to report progress on their TEJs, identifies the main challenges countries—particularly developing countries—face in doing so, and examines the progress made at COP30 in Belém to strengthen reporting capacities.
The challenge for Latin American civil society to influence the translation of ambition into results at COP30.
The final outcome of COP30 reveals a deep structural tension: while Brazil's status as host country enabled an unprecedented opening of civil society space and territorial mobilization, the formal negotiation process experienced a worrying diplomatic setback, particularly regarding the consensus reached at COP28 in Dubai on abandoning fossil fuels. In this scenario of fragmentation and power asymmetry, Latin American civil society did not act as a monolithic bloc, but rather as an inhabited ecosystem (DeJordy et al., 2020) of influence, heterogeneous and interdependent. The diversity of tactics did not express fragmentation, but rather a functional convergence aimed at sustaining climate ambition within a regime structured by minimal consensus. Through the lens of participant observation, this report analyzes how the diversity of tactics employed by Latin American civil society constituted a strategic response to the ineffectiveness of the multilateral process. The document explores how the various actors in the ecosystem formed by civil society organizations deployed persuasion techniques to sustain climate ambition, facing structural inequalities and the limits of the negotiation process in a context of high geopolitical complexity, as well as its implications for the next negotiation instances.
The challenge for Latin American civil society to influence the translation of ambition into results at COP30.
The final outcome of COP30 reveals a deep structural tension: while Brazil's status as host country enabled an unprecedented opening of civil society space and territorial mobilization, the formal negotiation process experienced a worrying diplomatic setback, particularly regarding the consensus reached at COP28 in Dubai on abandoning fossil fuels. In this scenario of fragmentation and power asymmetry, Latin American civil society did not act as a monolithic bloc, but rather as an inhabited ecosystem (DeJordy et al., 2020) of influence, heterogeneous and interdependent. The diversity of tactics did not express fragmentation, but rather a functional convergence aimed at sustaining climate ambition within a regime structured by minimal consensus. Through the lens of participant observation, this report analyzes how the diversity of tactics employed by Latin American civil society constituted a strategic response to the ineffectiveness of the multilateral process. The document explores how the various actors in the ecosystem formed by civil society organizations deployed persuasion techniques to sustain climate ambition, facing structural inequalities and the limits of the negotiation process in a context of high geopolitical complexity, as well as its implications for the next negotiation instances.
Links between the Just Transition Program and Climate Finance
The decision adopted at the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the UAE Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) establishes a number of relevant provisions regarding the role of climate finance in implementing just transitions in developing countries. This policy brief analyzes the references to finance included in the JTWP decision and examines their alignment with the corresponding elements of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance, agreed upon in 2024 at COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan. It also assesses some implications of these alignments for key ongoing discussions on climate finance, including those related to Articles 2.1.c and 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, and presents policy recommendations for the intersessional negotiations in June 2026.
Links between the Just Transition Program and Climate Finance
The decision adopted at the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the UAE Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) establishes a number of relevant provisions regarding the role of climate finance in implementing just transitions in developing countries. This policy brief analyzes the references to finance included in the JTWP decision and examines their alignment with the corresponding elements of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance, agreed upon in 2024 at COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan. It also assesses some implications of these alignments for key ongoing discussions on climate finance, including those related to Articles 2.1.c and 9.1 of the Paris Agreement, and presents policy recommendations for the intersessional negotiations in June 2026.