Regarding adaptation, we will review the main agenda items. With respect to the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), one of the main limitations of the debate revolved around adaptation financing and the translation of the commitment to triple it. Establishing the technical group responsible for the work on metadata and methodology for the Belém indicators and other outcomes is key to making progress. No consensus was reached, and the debate was not closed. Therefore, the issue will be taken up again at COP31 (Rule 16). It is hoped that the Baku Adaptation Roadmap (BAR) workshop will contribute to this item.
On the other hand, regarding the Guidance on Adaptation Communications— a key tool for countries in our region, as they are used to express their implementation priorities and needs—a procedural decision was reached at SB64. This decision implies that the informal note reflecting the Parties' views can be used as a starting point for the Antalya discussions. While some differences remain regarding the review process (year, its alignment with the Global Agenda 2016 and its Framework, and the review of the guidelines for preparing Biennial Transparency Reports), the session helped the Parties move closer to a better understanding of their proposals.
In the section on the Nairobi Work Programme, substantial conclusions were reached. These included the strengthening of the UN Climate Change Universities Partnership Programme, with greater participation from universities in developing countries, and its consolidation as a key component for the implementation of the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and its Framework. Tensions regarding the provision of financial support for the Programme's implementation were partially resolved by the inclusion of information on resources, partnerships, and contributions in the annual reports prepared by the UNFCCC secretariat for consideration at these midterm sessions.
Regarding the Adaptation Fund, discussions on the transition of the Fund to focus exclusively on the Paris Agreement and the wording relating to the composition of the Board of Directors remained contentious, and there was no agreement in the SB64.
Finally, in the area of Loss and Damage, there was no specific agenda item in the Bonn negotiations, and it felt as though the topic was excluded from many discussions. It was present through other events and informal meetings, but without the necessary momentum to advance this agenda.
Regarding climate finance, this was once again a major point of contention in Bonn. Developing countries demanded the implementation of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) target and called for a formal discussion on the obligations of developed countries under Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement. The lack of consensus on the Climate Finance Work Programme left open structural differences regarding who should contribute resources and how to mobilize them. Heading into COP31, it will be crucial to develop a credible roadmap for mobilizing the agreed-upon $300 billion annually and closing the financing gaps for adaptation, mitigation, and loss and damage.
Regarding Just Transition and the Mitigation Work Programme, procedural progress was made with the adoption of the terms of reference for the review of the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP). However, strong disagreements persist concerning the implementation of the Just Transition Mechanism (JTM), primarily regarding its governance and financing, and how the Mechanism itself will be linked to the JTWP. In the lead-up to COP31, it is essential that civil society enrich the Mechanism with substance and ensure its feasibility to achieve a just and inclusive transition that protects communities and ecosystems.
Regarding the Transition Beyond Fossil Fuels (TAFF), the Brazilian presidency of COP30 presented the progress of the global roadmap on TAFF, highlighting that more than 100 proposals have been received from different countries as contributions. It is expected to be launched in Belém, prior to COP31. Likewise, Latin American civil society presented the roadmap on Just Energy Transition and Forests for Latin America and the Caribbean. On the road to Antalya, we need to continue reinforcing the message of a new paradigm of thinking for prosperity without fossil fuels.
Regarding the Second Global Stocktake (GST2), discussions began to take shape in Bonn, with an emphasis on the lessons learned from GST1 and the need to strengthen the implementation of its findings. Developing countries highlighted that the lack of financing, technology, and capacity building remains the main barrier to meeting their climate commitments. Furthermore, discussions emerged about the role of science and the upcoming IPCC report as key inputs for GST2. Looking ahead to COP31, it will be crucial to ensure an inclusive process, based on scientific evidence and capable of comprehensively assessing collective progress toward the 1.5°C target.
Regarding the Deforestation Roadmap, spearheaded by Brazil's COP30 presidency, it continued to gain political support as a tool to accelerate the implementation of global commitments on deforestation and forest degradation. Emphasis was placed on the need to address the structural causes of forest loss, strengthen governance, secure financing, and guarantee the participation of Indigenous Peoples and local communities. However, questions remain about how to translate this initiative into concrete results and how to broaden its adoption beyond Brazil. The challenge leading up to COP31 will be to consolidate a broad coalition to promote this roadmap as a significant contribution to GST2 and to climate action this decade.
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